$ -weight: 600;">sudo -weight: 500;">apt -weight: 500;">update -weight: 600;">sudo -weight: 500;">apt -weight: 500;">install apache2 -y -weight: 600;">sudo -weight: 500;">apt -weight: 500;">update -weight: 600;">sudo -weight: 500;">apt -weight: 500;">install apache2 -y -weight: 600;">sudo -weight: 500;">apt -weight: 500;">update -weight: 600;">sudo -weight: 500;">apt -weight: 500;">install apache2 -y -weight: 600;">sudo -weight: 500;">systemctl -weight: 500;">start apache2 -weight: 600;">sudo -weight: 500;">systemctl -weight: 500;">enable apache2 # auto--weight: 500;">start on reboot -weight: 600;">sudo -weight: 500;">systemctl -weight: 500;">status apache2 # check if running -weight: 600;">sudo -weight: 500;">systemctl -weight: 500;">start apache2 -weight: 600;">sudo -weight: 500;">systemctl -weight: 500;">enable apache2 # auto--weight: 500;">start on reboot -weight: 600;">sudo -weight: 500;">systemctl -weight: 500;">status apache2 # check if running -weight: 600;">sudo -weight: 500;">systemctl -weight: 500;">start apache2 -weight: 600;">sudo -weight: 500;">systemctl -weight: 500;">enable apache2 # auto--weight: 500;">start on reboot -weight: 600;">sudo -weight: 500;">systemctl -weight: 500;">status apache2 # check if running /var/www/html/ /var/www/html/ /var/www/html/ echo "<h1>My Apache Site</h1>" | -weight: 600;">sudo tee /var/www/html/index.html echo "<h1>My Apache Site</h1>" | -weight: 600;">sudo tee /var/www/html/index.html echo "<h1>My Apache Site</h1>" | -weight: 600;">sudo tee /var/www/html/index.html -weight: 600;">sudo chown -R www-data:www-data /var/www/html/ -weight: 600;">sudo chmod -R 755 /var/www/html/ -weight: 600;">sudo chown -R www-data:www-data /var/www/html/ -weight: 600;">sudo chmod -R 755 /var/www/html/ -weight: 600;">sudo chown -R www-data:www-data /var/www/html/ -weight: 600;">sudo chmod -R 755 /var/www/html/ -weight: 600;">sudo apache2ctl -t # test for syntax errors → should say: Syntax OK -weight: 600;">sudo -weight: 500;">systemctl reload apache2 -weight: 600;">sudo apache2ctl -t # test for syntax errors → should say: Syntax OK -weight: 600;">sudo -weight: 500;">systemctl reload apache2 -weight: 600;">sudo apache2ctl -t # test for syntax errors → should say: Syntax OK -weight: 600;">sudo -weight: 500;">systemctl reload apache2 -weight: 600;">sudo -weight: 500;">apt -weight: 500;">update -weight: 600;">sudo -weight: 500;">apt -weight: 500;">install nginx -y -weight: 600;">sudo -weight: 500;">systemctl -weight: 500;">start nginx -weight: 600;">sudo -weight: 500;">systemctl -weight: 500;">enable nginx -weight: 600;">sudo -weight: 500;">systemctl -weight: 500;">status nginx -weight: 600;">sudo -weight: 500;">apt -weight: 500;">update -weight: 600;">sudo -weight: 500;">apt -weight: 500;">install nginx -y -weight: 600;">sudo -weight: 500;">systemctl -weight: 500;">start nginx -weight: 600;">sudo -weight: 500;">systemctl -weight: 500;">enable nginx -weight: 600;">sudo -weight: 500;">systemctl -weight: 500;">status nginx -weight: 600;">sudo -weight: 500;">apt -weight: 500;">update -weight: 600;">sudo -weight: 500;">apt -weight: 500;">install nginx -y -weight: 600;">sudo -weight: 500;">systemctl -weight: 500;">start nginx -weight: 600;">sudo -weight: 500;">systemctl -weight: 500;">enable nginx -weight: 600;">sudo -weight: 500;">systemctl -weight: 500;">status nginx echo "<h1>My Nginx Site</h1>" | -weight: 600;">sudo tee /var/www/html/index.html echo "<h1>My Nginx Site</h1>" | -weight: 600;">sudo tee /var/www/html/index.html echo "<h1>My Nginx Site</h1>" | -weight: 600;">sudo tee /var/www/html/index.html -weight: 600;">sudo nginx -t # should say: syntax is ok -weight: 600;">sudo -weight: 500;">systemctl reload nginx -weight: 600;">sudo nginx -t # should say: syntax is ok -weight: 600;">sudo -weight: 500;">systemctl reload nginx -weight: 600;">sudo nginx -t # should say: syntax is ok -weight: 600;">sudo -weight: 500;">systemctl reload nginx -weight: 600;">sudo lsof -i :80 # see who owns port 80 -weight: 600;">sudo -weight: 500;">systemctl -weight: 500;">stop apache2 # free port 80 -weight: 600;">sudo -weight: 500;">systemctl -weight: 500;">start nginx # now nginx can -weight: 500;">start -weight: 600;">sudo lsof -i :80 # see who owns port 80 -weight: 600;">sudo -weight: 500;">systemctl -weight: 500;">stop apache2 # free port 80 -weight: 600;">sudo -weight: 500;">systemctl -weight: 500;">start nginx # now nginx can -weight: 500;">start -weight: 600;">sudo lsof -i :80 # see who owns port 80 -weight: 600;">sudo -weight: 500;">systemctl -weight: 500;">stop apache2 # free port 80 -weight: 600;">sudo -weight: 500;">systemctl -weight: 500;">start nginx # now nginx can -weight: 500;">start # Step 1 — Create site folders -weight: 600;">sudo mkdir -p /var/www/site1 -weight: 600;">sudo mkdir -p /var/www/site2 # Step 2 — Create HTML pages echo "<h1>Site 1</h1>" | -weight: 600;">sudo tee /var/www/site1/index.html echo "<h1>Site 2</h1>" | -weight: 600;">sudo tee /var/www/site2/index.html # Step 3 — Fix permissions -weight: 600;">sudo chown -R www-data:www-data /var/www/site1 /var/www/site2 -weight: 600;">sudo chmod -R 755 /var/www/site1 /var/www/site2 # Step 1 — Create site folders -weight: 600;">sudo mkdir -p /var/www/site1 -weight: 600;">sudo mkdir -p /var/www/site2 # Step 2 — Create HTML pages echo "<h1>Site 1</h1>" | -weight: 600;">sudo tee /var/www/site1/index.html echo "<h1>Site 2</h1>" | -weight: 600;">sudo tee /var/www/site2/index.html # Step 3 — Fix permissions -weight: 600;">sudo chown -R www-data:www-data /var/www/site1 /var/www/site2 -weight: 600;">sudo chmod -R 755 /var/www/site1 /var/www/site2 # Step 1 — Create site folders -weight: 600;">sudo mkdir -p /var/www/site1 -weight: 600;">sudo mkdir -p /var/www/site2 # Step 2 — Create HTML pages echo "<h1>Site 1</h1>" | -weight: 600;">sudo tee /var/www/site1/index.html echo "<h1>Site 2</h1>" | -weight: 600;">sudo tee /var/www/site2/index.html # Step 3 — Fix permissions -weight: 600;">sudo chown -R www-data:www-data /var/www/site1 /var/www/site2 -weight: 600;">sudo chmod -R 755 /var/www/site1 /var/www/site2 -weight: 600;">sudo nano /etc/apache2/sites-available/site1.conf -weight: 600;">sudo nano /etc/apache2/sites-available/site1.conf -weight: 600;">sudo nano /etc/apache2/sites-available/site1.conf <VirtualHost *:80> ServerName site1.local DocumentRoot /var/www/site1 ErrorLog ${APACHE_LOG_DIR}/site1_error.log CustomLog ${APACHE_LOG_DIR}/site1_access.log combined </VirtualHost> <VirtualHost *:80> ServerName site1.local DocumentRoot /var/www/site1 ErrorLog ${APACHE_LOG_DIR}/site1_error.log CustomLog ${APACHE_LOG_DIR}/site1_access.log combined </VirtualHost> <VirtualHost *:80> ServerName site1.local DocumentRoot /var/www/site1 ErrorLog ${APACHE_LOG_DIR}/site1_error.log CustomLog ${APACHE_LOG_DIR}/site1_access.log combined </VirtualHost> -weight: 600;">sudo nano /etc/apache2/sites-available/site2.conf -weight: 600;">sudo nano /etc/apache2/sites-available/site2.conf -weight: 600;">sudo nano /etc/apache2/sites-available/site2.conf <VirtualHost *:80> ServerName site2.local DocumentRoot /var/www/site2 </VirtualHost> <VirtualHost *:80> ServerName site2.local DocumentRoot /var/www/site2 </VirtualHost> <VirtualHost *:80> ServerName site2.local DocumentRoot /var/www/site2 </VirtualHost> -weight: 600;">sudo a2ensite site1.conf -weight: 600;">sudo a2ensite site2.conf -weight: 600;">sudo a2dissite 000-default.conf # -weight: 500;">disable default site -weight: 600;">sudo -weight: 500;">systemctl reload apache2 -weight: 600;">sudo a2ensite site1.conf -weight: 600;">sudo a2ensite site2.conf -weight: 600;">sudo a2dissite 000-default.conf # -weight: 500;">disable default site -weight: 600;">sudo -weight: 500;">systemctl reload apache2 -weight: 600;">sudo a2ensite site1.conf -weight: 600;">sudo a2ensite site2.conf -weight: 600;">sudo a2dissite 000-default.conf # -weight: 500;">disable default site -weight: 600;">sudo -weight: 500;">systemctl reload apache2 -weight: 600;">sudo nano /etc/hosts # Add these lines: 127.0.0.1 site1.local 127.0.0.1 site2.local -weight: 600;">sudo nano /etc/hosts # Add these lines: 127.0.0.1 site1.local 127.0.0.1 site2.local -weight: 600;">sudo nano /etc/hosts # Add these lines: 127.0.0.1 site1.local 127.0.0.1 site2.local -weight: 600;">sudo mkdir -p /var/www/site1 /var/www/site2 echo "<h1>Nginx Site 1</h1>" | -weight: 600;">sudo tee /var/www/site1/index.html echo "<h1>Nginx Site 2</h1>" | -weight: 600;">sudo tee /var/www/site2/index.html -weight: 600;">sudo chown -R www-data:www-data /var/www/site1 /var/www/site2 -weight: 600;">sudo chmod -R 755 /var/www/site1 /var/www/site2 -weight: 600;">sudo mkdir -p /var/www/site1 /var/www/site2 echo "<h1>Nginx Site 1</h1>" | -weight: 600;">sudo tee /var/www/site1/index.html echo "<h1>Nginx Site 2</h1>" | -weight: 600;">sudo tee /var/www/site2/index.html -weight: 600;">sudo chown -R www-data:www-data /var/www/site1 /var/www/site2 -weight: 600;">sudo chmod -R 755 /var/www/site1 /var/www/site2 -weight: 600;">sudo mkdir -p /var/www/site1 /var/www/site2 echo "<h1>Nginx Site 1</h1>" | -weight: 600;">sudo tee /var/www/site1/index.html echo "<h1>Nginx Site 2</h1>" | -weight: 600;">sudo tee /var/www/site2/index.html -weight: 600;">sudo chown -R www-data:www-data /var/www/site1 /var/www/site2 -weight: 600;">sudo chmod -R 755 /var/www/site1 /var/www/site2 -weight: 600;">sudo nano /etc/nginx/sites-available/site1 -weight: 600;">sudo nano /etc/nginx/sites-available/site1 -weight: 600;">sudo nano /etc/nginx/sites-available/site1 server { listen 80; server_name site1.local; root /var/www/site1; index index.html; } server { listen 80; server_name site1.local; root /var/www/site1; index index.html; } server { listen 80; server_name site1.local; root /var/www/site1; index index.html; } -weight: 600;">sudo ln -s /etc/nginx/sites-available/site1 /etc/nginx/sites-enabled/ -weight: 600;">sudo ln -s /etc/nginx/sites-available/site2 /etc/nginx/sites-enabled/ -weight: 600;">sudo nginx -t -weight: 600;">sudo -weight: 500;">systemctl reload nginx -weight: 600;">sudo ln -s /etc/nginx/sites-available/site1 /etc/nginx/sites-enabled/ -weight: 600;">sudo ln -s /etc/nginx/sites-available/site2 /etc/nginx/sites-enabled/ -weight: 600;">sudo nginx -t -weight: 600;">sudo -weight: 500;">systemctl reload nginx -weight: 600;">sudo ln -s /etc/nginx/sites-available/site1 /etc/nginx/sites-enabled/ -weight: 600;">sudo ln -s /etc/nginx/sites-available/site2 /etc/nginx/sites-enabled/ -weight: 600;">sudo nginx -t -weight: 600;">sudo -weight: 500;">systemctl reload nginx # Pull image -weight: 500;">docker pull nginx # Run with port mapping -weight: 500;">docker run -d -p 8080:80 --name mysite nginx # Pull image -weight: 500;">docker pull nginx # Run with port mapping -weight: 500;">docker run -d -p 8080:80 --name mysite nginx # Pull image -weight: 500;">docker pull nginx # Run with port mapping -weight: 500;">docker run -d -p 8080:80 --name mysite nginx echo "<h1>Hello Docker!</h1>" > index.html -weight: 500;">docker run -d -p 8080:80 \ --name mysite \ -v $(pwd)/index.html:/usr/share/nginx/html/index.html \ nginx echo "<h1>Hello Docker!</h1>" > index.html -weight: 500;">docker run -d -p 8080:80 \ --name mysite \ -v $(pwd)/index.html:/usr/share/nginx/html/index.html \ nginx echo "<h1>Hello Docker!</h1>" > index.html -weight: 500;">docker run -d -p 8080:80 \ --name mysite \ -v $(pwd)/index.html:/usr/share/nginx/html/index.html \ nginx -weight: 500;">docker pull ubuntu/apache2 -weight: 500;">docker run -d --name webserver -p 8081:80 ubuntu/apache2 -weight: 500;">docker pull ubuntu/apache2 -weight: 500;">docker run -d --name webserver -p 8081:80 ubuntu/apache2 -weight: 500;">docker pull ubuntu/apache2 -weight: 500;">docker run -d --name webserver -p 8081:80 ubuntu/apache2 mkdir site1 site2 echo "<h1>Site 1</h1>" > site1/index.html echo "<h1>Site 2</h1>" > site2/index.html -weight: 500;">docker run -d --name site1 -p 8081:80 \ -v $(pwd)/site1/index.html:/usr/share/nginx/html/index.html nginx -weight: 500;">docker run -d --name site2 -p 8082:80 \ -v $(pwd)/site2/index.html:/usr/share/nginx/html/index.html nginx -weight: 500;">docker ps # verify both running mkdir site1 site2 echo "<h1>Site 1</h1>" > site1/index.html echo "<h1>Site 2</h1>" > site2/index.html -weight: 500;">docker run -d --name site1 -p 8081:80 \ -v $(pwd)/site1/index.html:/usr/share/nginx/html/index.html nginx -weight: 500;">docker run -d --name site2 -p 8082:80 \ -v $(pwd)/site2/index.html:/usr/share/nginx/html/index.html nginx -weight: 500;">docker ps # verify both running mkdir site1 site2 echo "<h1>Site 1</h1>" > site1/index.html echo "<h1>Site 2</h1>" > site2/index.html -weight: 500;">docker run -d --name site1 -p 8081:80 \ -v $(pwd)/site1/index.html:/usr/share/nginx/html/index.html nginx -weight: 500;">docker run -d --name site2 -p 8082:80 \ -v $(pwd)/site2/index.html:/usr/share/nginx/html/index.html nginx -weight: 500;">docker ps # verify both running # Step 1 — Clone your static site from GitHub -weight: 500;">git clone https://github.com/yourusername/your-static-site.-weight: 500;">git cd your-static-site # Step 2 — Run Nginx container with your cloned folder mounted -weight: 500;">docker run -d \ --name myapp \ -p 8080:80 \ -v $(pwd):/usr/share/nginx/html \ nginx # Step 3 — Verify -weight: 500;">docker ps # Step 1 — Clone your static site from GitHub -weight: 500;">git clone https://github.com/yourusername/your-static-site.-weight: 500;">git cd your-static-site # Step 2 — Run Nginx container with your cloned folder mounted -weight: 500;">docker run -d \ --name myapp \ -p 8080:80 \ -v $(pwd):/usr/share/nginx/html \ nginx # Step 3 — Verify -weight: 500;">docker ps # Step 1 — Clone your static site from GitHub -weight: 500;">git clone https://github.com/yourusername/your-static-site.-weight: 500;">git cd your-static-site # Step 2 — Run Nginx container with your cloned folder mounted -weight: 500;">docker run -d \ --name myapp \ -p 8080:80 \ -v $(pwd):/usr/share/nginx/html \ nginx # Step 3 — Verify -weight: 500;">docker ps -weight: 500;">git clone https://github.com/yourusername/your-static-site.-weight: 500;">git cd your-static-site -weight: 500;">docker run -d \ --name apacheapp \ -p 8081:80 \ -v $(pwd):/var/www/html \ ubuntu/apache2 -weight: 500;">git clone https://github.com/yourusername/your-static-site.-weight: 500;">git cd your-static-site -weight: 500;">docker run -d \ --name apacheapp \ -p 8081:80 \ -v $(pwd):/var/www/html \ ubuntu/apache2 -weight: 500;">git clone https://github.com/yourusername/your-static-site.-weight: 500;">git cd your-static-site -weight: 500;">docker run -d \ --name apacheapp \ -p 8081:80 \ -v $(pwd):/var/www/html \ ubuntu/apache2 # Clone repo -weight: 500;">git clone https://github.com/yourusername/your-site.-weight: 500;">git # Copy files to Apache/Nginx web root -weight: 600;">sudo cp -r your-site/* /var/www/html/ # Fix permissions -weight: 600;">sudo chown -R www-data:www-data /var/www/html/ -weight: 600;">sudo chmod -R 755 /var/www/html/ # Reload server -weight: 600;">sudo -weight: 500;">systemctl reload apache2 # OR -weight: 600;">sudo -weight: 500;">systemctl reload nginx # Clone repo -weight: 500;">git clone https://github.com/yourusername/your-site.-weight: 500;">git # Copy files to Apache/Nginx web root -weight: 600;">sudo cp -r your-site/* /var/www/html/ # Fix permissions -weight: 600;">sudo chown -R www-data:www-data /var/www/html/ -weight: 600;">sudo chmod -R 755 /var/www/html/ # Reload server -weight: 600;">sudo -weight: 500;">systemctl reload apache2 # OR -weight: 600;">sudo -weight: 500;">systemctl reload nginx # Clone repo -weight: 500;">git clone https://github.com/yourusername/your-site.-weight: 500;">git # Copy files to Apache/Nginx web root -weight: 600;">sudo cp -r your-site/* /var/www/html/ # Fix permissions -weight: 600;">sudo chown -R www-data:www-data /var/www/html/ -weight: 600;">sudo chmod -R 755 /var/www/html/ # Reload server -weight: 600;">sudo -weight: 500;">systemctl reload apache2 # OR -weight: 600;">sudo -weight: 500;">systemctl reload nginx #!/bin/bash # Description: What this script does # Usage: ./script.sh <argument> # your code here #!/bin/bash # Description: What this script does # Usage: ./script.sh <argument> # your code here #!/bin/bash # Description: What this script does # Usage: ./script.sh <argument> # your code here chmod +x script.sh ./script.sh chmod +x script.sh ./script.sh chmod +x script.sh ./script.sh #!/bin/bash NAME="Daniyal" # variable — NO spaces around = echo "Hello $NAME" read -p "Enter site name: " SITE # get input from user echo "You entered: $SITE" #!/bin/bash NAME="Daniyal" # variable — NO spaces around = echo "Hello $NAME" read -p "Enter site name: " SITE # get input from user echo "You entered: $SITE" #!/bin/bash NAME="Daniyal" # variable — NO spaces around = echo "Hello $NAME" read -p "Enter site name: " SITE # get input from user echo "You entered: $SITE" ./deploy.sh site1 8080 # $1 = site1, $2 = 8080, $# = 2 ./deploy.sh site1 8080 # $1 = site1, $2 = 8080, $# = 2 ./deploy.sh site1 8080 # $1 = site1, $2 = 8080, $# = 2 #!/bin/bash if [ -z "$1" ]; then echo "Error: No argument given" echo "Usage: ./script.sh <sitename>" exit 1 fi if [ -f "$1" ]; then echo "File exists" elif [ -d "$1" ]; then echo "It is a directory" else echo "Not found" fi #!/bin/bash if [ -z "$1" ]; then echo "Error: No argument given" echo "Usage: ./script.sh <sitename>" exit 1 fi if [ -f "$1" ]; then echo "File exists" elif [ -d "$1" ]; then echo "It is a directory" else echo "Not found" fi #!/bin/bash if [ -z "$1" ]; then echo "Error: No argument given" echo "Usage: ./script.sh <sitename>" exit 1 fi if [ -f "$1" ]; then echo "File exists" elif [ -d "$1" ]; then echo "It is a directory" else echo "Not found" fi #!/bin/bash case $1 in ---weight: 500;">install) echo "Installing..." -weight: 600;">sudo -weight: 500;">apt -weight: 500;">install nginx -y ;; ---weight: 500;">remove) echo "Removing..." -weight: 600;">sudo -weight: 500;">apt -weight: 500;">remove nginx -y ;; ---weight: 500;">status) -weight: 600;">sudo -weight: 500;">systemctl -weight: 500;">status nginx ;; *) echo "Usage: ./script.sh ---weight: 500;">install | ---weight: 500;">remove | ---weight: 500;">status" exit 1 ;; esac #!/bin/bash case $1 in ---weight: 500;">install) echo "Installing..." -weight: 600;">sudo -weight: 500;">apt -weight: 500;">install nginx -y ;; ---weight: 500;">remove) echo "Removing..." -weight: 600;">sudo -weight: 500;">apt -weight: 500;">remove nginx -y ;; ---weight: 500;">status) -weight: 600;">sudo -weight: 500;">systemctl -weight: 500;">status nginx ;; *) echo "Usage: ./script.sh ---weight: 500;">install | ---weight: 500;">remove | ---weight: 500;">status" exit 1 ;; esac #!/bin/bash case $1 in ---weight: 500;">install) echo "Installing..." -weight: 600;">sudo -weight: 500;">apt -weight: 500;">install nginx -y ;; ---weight: 500;">remove) echo "Removing..." -weight: 600;">sudo -weight: 500;">apt -weight: 500;">remove nginx -y ;; ---weight: 500;">status) -weight: 600;">sudo -weight: 500;">systemctl -weight: 500;">status nginx ;; *) echo "Usage: ./script.sh ---weight: 500;">install | ---weight: 500;">remove | ---weight: 500;">status" exit 1 ;; esac #!/bin/bash # Loop over numbers for i in 1 2 3 4 5; do echo "Number: $i" done # Loop over sites and create folders for site in site1 site2 site3; do -weight: 600;">sudo mkdir -p /var/www/$site echo "<h1>Welcome to $site</h1>" | -weight: 600;">sudo tee /var/www/$site/index.html echo "Created $site" done #!/bin/bash # Loop over numbers for i in 1 2 3 4 5; do echo "Number: $i" done # Loop over sites and create folders for site in site1 site2 site3; do -weight: 600;">sudo mkdir -p /var/www/$site echo "<h1>Welcome to $site</h1>" | -weight: 600;">sudo tee /var/www/$site/index.html echo "Created $site" done #!/bin/bash # Loop over numbers for i in 1 2 3 4 5; do echo "Number: $i" done # Loop over sites and create folders for site in site1 site2 site3; do -weight: 600;">sudo mkdir -p /var/www/$site echo "<h1>Welcome to $site</h1>" | -weight: 600;">sudo tee /var/www/$site/index.html echo "Created $site" done # Normal folder (no -weight: 600;">sudo needed) cat > index.html << EOF <html> <body> <h1>Hello World</h1> </body> </html> EOF # Protected folder — use -weight: 600;">sudo tee -weight: 600;">sudo tee /var/www/html/index.html << EOF <html> <body> <h1>Hello World</h1> </body> </html> EOF # Normal folder (no -weight: 600;">sudo needed) cat > index.html << EOF <html> <body> <h1>Hello World</h1> </body> </html> EOF # Protected folder — use -weight: 600;">sudo tee -weight: 600;">sudo tee /var/www/html/index.html << EOF <html> <body> <h1>Hello World</h1> </body> </html> EOF # Normal folder (no -weight: 600;">sudo needed) cat > index.html << EOF <html> <body> <h1>Hello World</h1> </body> </html> EOF # Protected folder — use -weight: 600;">sudo tee -weight: 600;">sudo tee /var/www/html/index.html << EOF <html> <body> <h1>Hello World</h1> </body> </html> EOF echo "hello" > file.txt # write (overwrite) echo "hello" >> file.txt # append command | -weight: 600;">sudo tee file.txt # pipe to tee (for protected files) ./script.sh > output.log 2>&1 # redirect stdout AND stderr to file echo "hello" > file.txt # write (overwrite) echo "hello" >> file.txt # append command | -weight: 600;">sudo tee file.txt # pipe to tee (for protected files) ./script.sh > output.log 2>&1 # redirect stdout AND stderr to file echo "hello" > file.txt # write (overwrite) echo "hello" >> file.txt # append command | -weight: 600;">sudo tee file.txt # pipe to tee (for protected files) ./script.sh > output.log 2>&1 # redirect stdout AND stderr to file #!/bin/bash # deploy.sh — Clone from GitHub and host with Docker REPO=$1 PORT=${2:-8080} # default port 8080 if not given NAME=${3:-mysite} # default name mysite if not given # Validate input if [ -z "$REPO" ]; then echo "Usage: ./deploy.sh <github-repo-url> [port] [container-name]" exit 1 fi echo "==> Cloning repo..." -weight: 500;">git clone $REPO site_files echo "==> Starting Docker container on port $PORT..." -weight: 500;">docker run -d \ --name $NAME \ -p $PORT:80 \ -v $(pwd)/site_files:/usr/share/nginx/html \ nginx echo "==> Done! Visit http://localhost:$PORT" -weight: 500;">docker ps | grep $NAME #!/bin/bash # deploy.sh — Clone from GitHub and host with Docker REPO=$1 PORT=${2:-8080} # default port 8080 if not given NAME=${3:-mysite} # default name mysite if not given # Validate input if [ -z "$REPO" ]; then echo "Usage: ./deploy.sh <github-repo-url> [port] [container-name]" exit 1 fi echo "==> Cloning repo..." -weight: 500;">git clone $REPO site_files echo "==> Starting Docker container on port $PORT..." -weight: 500;">docker run -d \ --name $NAME \ -p $PORT:80 \ -v $(pwd)/site_files:/usr/share/nginx/html \ nginx echo "==> Done! Visit http://localhost:$PORT" -weight: 500;">docker ps | grep $NAME #!/bin/bash # deploy.sh — Clone from GitHub and host with Docker REPO=$1 PORT=${2:-8080} # default port 8080 if not given NAME=${3:-mysite} # default name mysite if not given # Validate input if [ -z "$REPO" ]; then echo "Usage: ./deploy.sh <github-repo-url> [port] [container-name]" exit 1 fi echo "==> Cloning repo..." -weight: 500;">git clone $REPO site_files echo "==> Starting Docker container on port $PORT..." -weight: 500;">docker run -d \ --name $NAME \ -p $PORT:80 \ -v $(pwd)/site_files:/usr/share/nginx/html \ nginx echo "==> Done! Visit http://localhost:$PORT" -weight: 500;">docker ps | grep $NAME chmod +x deploy.sh ./deploy.sh https://github.com/user/mysite.-weight: 500;">git 8081 coolsite chmod +x deploy.sh ./deploy.sh https://github.com/user/mysite.-weight: 500;">git 8081 coolsite chmod +x deploy.sh ./deploy.sh https://github.com/user/mysite.-weight: 500;">git 8081 coolsite #!/bin/bash # setup_vhost.sh — Create Apache virtual host SITE=$1 if [ -z "$SITE" ]; then echo "Usage: ./setup_vhost.sh <sitename>" exit 1 fi echo "==> Creating directory..." -weight: 600;">sudo mkdir -p /var/www/$SITE echo "==> Creating HTML page..." -weight: 600;">sudo tee /var/www/$SITE/index.html << EOF <html> <body> <h1>Welcome to $SITE</h1> </body> </html> EOF echo "==> Setting permissions..." -weight: 600;">sudo chown -R www-data:www-data /var/www/$SITE -weight: 600;">sudo chmod -R 755 /var/www/$SITE echo "==> Creating Virtual Host config..." -weight: 600;">sudo tee /etc/apache2/sites-available/$SITE.conf << EOF <VirtualHost *:80> ServerName $SITE.local DocumentRoot /var/www/$SITE ErrorLog \${APACHE_LOG_DIR}/${SITE}_error.log CustomLog \${APACHE_LOG_DIR}/${SITE}_access.log combined </VirtualHost> EOF echo "==> Enabling site..." -weight: 600;">sudo a2ensite $SITE.conf -weight: 600;">sudo -weight: 500;">systemctl reload apache2 echo "==> Adding to /etc/hosts..." echo "127.0.0.1 $SITE.local" | -weight: 600;">sudo tee -a /etc/hosts echo "==> Done! Visit http://$SITE.local" #!/bin/bash # setup_vhost.sh — Create Apache virtual host SITE=$1 if [ -z "$SITE" ]; then echo "Usage: ./setup_vhost.sh <sitename>" exit 1 fi echo "==> Creating directory..." -weight: 600;">sudo mkdir -p /var/www/$SITE echo "==> Creating HTML page..." -weight: 600;">sudo tee /var/www/$SITE/index.html << EOF <html> <body> <h1>Welcome to $SITE</h1> </body> </html> EOF echo "==> Setting permissions..." -weight: 600;">sudo chown -R www-data:www-data /var/www/$SITE -weight: 600;">sudo chmod -R 755 /var/www/$SITE echo "==> Creating Virtual Host config..." -weight: 600;">sudo tee /etc/apache2/sites-available/$SITE.conf << EOF <VirtualHost *:80> ServerName $SITE.local DocumentRoot /var/www/$SITE ErrorLog \${APACHE_LOG_DIR}/${SITE}_error.log CustomLog \${APACHE_LOG_DIR}/${SITE}_access.log combined </VirtualHost> EOF echo "==> Enabling site..." -weight: 600;">sudo a2ensite $SITE.conf -weight: 600;">sudo -weight: 500;">systemctl reload apache2 echo "==> Adding to /etc/hosts..." echo "127.0.0.1 $SITE.local" | -weight: 600;">sudo tee -a /etc/hosts echo "==> Done! Visit http://$SITE.local" #!/bin/bash # setup_vhost.sh — Create Apache virtual host SITE=$1 if [ -z "$SITE" ]; then echo "Usage: ./setup_vhost.sh <sitename>" exit 1 fi echo "==> Creating directory..." -weight: 600;">sudo mkdir -p /var/www/$SITE echo "==> Creating HTML page..." -weight: 600;">sudo tee /var/www/$SITE/index.html << EOF <html> <body> <h1>Welcome to $SITE</h1> </body> </html> EOF echo "==> Setting permissions..." -weight: 600;">sudo chown -R www-data:www-data /var/www/$SITE -weight: 600;">sudo chmod -R 755 /var/www/$SITE echo "==> Creating Virtual Host config..." -weight: 600;">sudo tee /etc/apache2/sites-available/$SITE.conf << EOF <VirtualHost *:80> ServerName $SITE.local DocumentRoot /var/www/$SITE ErrorLog \${APACHE_LOG_DIR}/${SITE}_error.log CustomLog \${APACHE_LOG_DIR}/${SITE}_access.log combined </VirtualHost> EOF echo "==> Enabling site..." -weight: 600;">sudo a2ensite $SITE.conf -weight: 600;">sudo -weight: 500;">systemctl reload apache2 echo "==> Adding to /etc/hosts..." echo "127.0.0.1 $SITE.local" | -weight: 600;">sudo tee -a /etc/hosts echo "==> Done! Visit http://$SITE.local" -weight: 500;">docker pull nginx # download image -weight: 500;">docker pull ubuntu:22.04 # specific version/tag -weight: 500;">docker images # list all downloaded images -weight: 500;">docker rmi nginx # -weight: 500;">remove image -weight: 500;">docker pull nginx # download image -weight: 500;">docker pull ubuntu:22.04 # specific version/tag -weight: 500;">docker images # list all downloaded images -weight: 500;">docker rmi nginx # -weight: 500;">remove image -weight: 500;">docker pull nginx # download image -weight: 500;">docker pull ubuntu:22.04 # specific version/tag -weight: 500;">docker images # list all downloaded images -weight: 500;">docker rmi nginx # -weight: 500;">remove image -weight: 500;">docker run nginx # basic run -weight: 500;">docker run -d nginx # detached (background) -weight: 500;">docker run -it ubuntu bash # interactive shell -weight: 500;">docker run --name mysite nginx # with custom name -weight: 500;">docker run -p 8080:80 nginx # port mapping HOST:CONTAINER -weight: 500;">docker run -d -p 8080:80 --name s nginx # all combined -weight: 500;">docker run --rm nginx # auto--weight: 500;">remove when stopped -weight: 500;">docker run nginx # basic run -weight: 500;">docker run -d nginx # detached (background) -weight: 500;">docker run -it ubuntu bash # interactive shell -weight: 500;">docker run --name mysite nginx # with custom name -weight: 500;">docker run -p 8080:80 nginx # port mapping HOST:CONTAINER -weight: 500;">docker run -d -p 8080:80 --name s nginx # all combined -weight: 500;">docker run --rm nginx # auto--weight: 500;">remove when stopped -weight: 500;">docker run nginx # basic run -weight: 500;">docker run -d nginx # detached (background) -weight: 500;">docker run -it ubuntu bash # interactive shell -weight: 500;">docker run --name mysite nginx # with custom name -weight: 500;">docker run -p 8080:80 nginx # port mapping HOST:CONTAINER -weight: 500;">docker run -d -p 8080:80 --name s nginx # all combined -weight: 500;">docker run --rm nginx # auto--weight: 500;">remove when stopped # Mount a single file -weight: 500;">docker run -d -p 8080:80 \ -v $(pwd)/index.html:/usr/share/nginx/html/index.html \ nginx # Mount entire folder -weight: 500;">docker run -d -p 8080:80 \ -v $(pwd)/mysite:/usr/share/nginx/html \ nginx # Mount a single file -weight: 500;">docker run -d -p 8080:80 \ -v $(pwd)/index.html:/usr/share/nginx/html/index.html \ nginx # Mount entire folder -weight: 500;">docker run -d -p 8080:80 \ -v $(pwd)/mysite:/usr/share/nginx/html \ nginx # Mount a single file -weight: 500;">docker run -d -p 8080:80 \ -v $(pwd)/index.html:/usr/share/nginx/html/index.html \ nginx # Mount entire folder -weight: 500;">docker run -d -p 8080:80 \ -v $(pwd)/mysite:/usr/share/nginx/html \ nginx -weight: 500;">docker ps # running containers -weight: 500;">docker ps -a # all containers (including stopped) -weight: 500;">docker -weight: 500;">stop mysite # -weight: 500;">stop container -weight: 500;">docker -weight: 500;">start mysite # -weight: 500;">start stopped container -weight: 500;">docker rm mysite # -weight: 500;">remove container -weight: 500;">docker logs mysite # view logs -weight: 500;">docker inspect mysite # detailed info -weight: 500;">docker ps # running containers -weight: 500;">docker ps -a # all containers (including stopped) -weight: 500;">docker -weight: 500;">stop mysite # -weight: 500;">stop container -weight: 500;">docker -weight: 500;">start mysite # -weight: 500;">start stopped container -weight: 500;">docker rm mysite # -weight: 500;">remove container -weight: 500;">docker logs mysite # view logs -weight: 500;">docker inspect mysite # detailed info -weight: 500;">docker ps # running containers -weight: 500;">docker ps -a # all containers (including stopped) -weight: 500;">docker -weight: 500;">stop mysite # -weight: 500;">stop container -weight: 500;">docker -weight: 500;">start mysite # -weight: 500;">start stopped container -weight: 500;">docker rm mysite # -weight: 500;">remove container -weight: 500;">docker logs mysite # view logs -weight: 500;">docker inspect mysite # detailed info -weight: 500;">docker exec -it mysite bash # open NEW shell (safe — exit won't -weight: 500;">stop container) -weight: 500;">docker attach mysite # attach to main process (exit WILL -weight: 500;">stop container) # safe detach: CTRL+P+Q -weight: 500;">docker exec -it mysite bash # open NEW shell (safe — exit won't -weight: 500;">stop container) -weight: 500;">docker attach mysite # attach to main process (exit WILL -weight: 500;">stop container) # safe detach: CTRL+P+Q -weight: 500;">docker exec -it mysite bash # open NEW shell (safe — exit won't -weight: 500;">stop container) -weight: 500;">docker attach mysite # attach to main process (exit WILL -weight: 500;">stop container) # safe detach: CTRL+P+Q -weight: 500;">docker -weight: 500;">stop $(-weight: 500;">docker ps -q) # -weight: 500;">stop ALL running containers -weight: 500;">docker rm $(-weight: 500;">docker ps -aq) # -weight: 500;">remove ALL containers -weight: 500;">docker rmi $(-weight: 500;">docker images -q) # -weight: 500;">remove ALL images -weight: 500;">docker -weight: 500;">stop $(-weight: 500;">docker ps -q) # -weight: 500;">stop ALL running containers -weight: 500;">docker rm $(-weight: 500;">docker ps -aq) # -weight: 500;">remove ALL containers -weight: 500;">docker rmi $(-weight: 500;">docker images -q) # -weight: 500;">remove ALL images -weight: 500;">docker -weight: 500;">stop $(-weight: 500;">docker ps -q) # -weight: 500;">stop ALL running containers -weight: 500;">docker rm $(-weight: 500;">docker ps -aq) # -weight: 500;">remove ALL containers -weight: 500;">docker rmi $(-weight: 500;">docker images -q) # -weight: 500;">remove ALL images 755 # directories → owner:rwx group:r-x others:r-x 644 # files → owner:rw- group:r-- others:r-- 600 # private keys → owner:rw- group:--- others:--- 777 # ❌ NEVER USE — anyone can write/execute = security risk 755 # directories → owner:rwx group:r-x others:r-x 644 # files → owner:rw- group:r-- others:r-- 600 # private keys → owner:rw- group:--- others:--- 777 # ❌ NEVER USE — anyone can write/execute = security risk 755 # directories → owner:rwx group:r-x others:r-x 644 # files → owner:rw- group:r-- others:r-- 600 # private keys → owner:rw- group:--- others:--- 777 # ❌ NEVER USE — anyone can write/execute = security risk -weight: 600;">sudo chown -R www-data:www-data /var/www/html/ # fix ownership -weight: 600;">sudo chmod -R 755 /var/www/html/ # fix permissions -weight: 600;">sudo chown -R www-data:www-data /var/www/html/ # fix ownership -weight: 600;">sudo chmod -R 755 /var/www/html/ # fix permissions -weight: 600;">sudo chown -R www-data:www-data /var/www/html/ # fix ownership -weight: 600;">sudo chmod -R 755 /var/www/html/ # fix permissions -weight: 600;">sudo -weight: 500;">systemctl -weight: 500;">start apache2 # -weight: 500;">start now -weight: 600;">sudo -weight: 500;">systemctl -weight: 500;">stop apache2 # -weight: 500;">stop now -weight: 600;">sudo -weight: 500;">systemctl -weight: 500;">restart apache2 # -weight: 500;">stop + -weight: 500;">start (brief downtime) -weight: 600;">sudo -weight: 500;">systemctl reload apache2 # apply config changes gracefully (no downtime) -weight: 600;">sudo -weight: 500;">systemctl -weight: 500;">enable apache2 # auto--weight: 500;">start on reboot -weight: 600;">sudo -weight: 500;">systemctl -weight: 500;">status apache2 # check if running -weight: 600;">sudo -weight: 500;">systemctl -weight: 500;">start apache2 # -weight: 500;">start now -weight: 600;">sudo -weight: 500;">systemctl -weight: 500;">stop apache2 # -weight: 500;">stop now -weight: 600;">sudo -weight: 500;">systemctl -weight: 500;">restart apache2 # -weight: 500;">stop + -weight: 500;">start (brief downtime) -weight: 600;">sudo -weight: 500;">systemctl reload apache2 # apply config changes gracefully (no downtime) -weight: 600;">sudo -weight: 500;">systemctl -weight: 500;">enable apache2 # auto--weight: 500;">start on reboot -weight: 600;">sudo -weight: 500;">systemctl -weight: 500;">status apache2 # check if running -weight: 600;">sudo -weight: 500;">systemctl -weight: 500;">start apache2 # -weight: 500;">start now -weight: 600;">sudo -weight: 500;">systemctl -weight: 500;">stop apache2 # -weight: 500;">stop now -weight: 600;">sudo -weight: 500;">systemctl -weight: 500;">restart apache2 # -weight: 500;">stop + -weight: 500;">start (brief downtime) -weight: 600;">sudo -weight: 500;">systemctl reload apache2 # apply config changes gracefully (no downtime) -weight: 600;">sudo -weight: 500;">systemctl -weight: 500;">enable apache2 # auto--weight: 500;">start on reboot -weight: 600;">sudo -weight: 500;">systemctl -weight: 500;">status apache2 # check if running # WRONG ❌ — >> is for files, not commands echo "hello" >> -weight: 600;">sudo tee /var/www/html/index.html # CORRECT ✅ — use pipe | before -weight: 600;">sudo tee echo "hello" | -weight: 600;">sudo tee /var/www/html/index.html # CORRECT ✅ — append mode with -weight: 600;">sudo tee -a echo "hello" | -weight: 600;">sudo tee -a /var/www/html/index.html # WRONG ❌ — >> is for files, not commands echo "hello" >> -weight: 600;">sudo tee /var/www/html/index.html # CORRECT ✅ — use pipe | before -weight: 600;">sudo tee echo "hello" | -weight: 600;">sudo tee /var/www/html/index.html # CORRECT ✅ — append mode with -weight: 600;">sudo tee -a echo "hello" | -weight: 600;">sudo tee -a /var/www/html/index.html # WRONG ❌ — >> is for files, not commands echo "hello" >> -weight: 600;">sudo tee /var/www/html/index.html # CORRECT ✅ — use pipe | before -weight: 600;">sudo tee echo "hello" | -weight: 600;">sudo tee /var/www/html/index.html # CORRECT ✅ — append mode with -weight: 600;">sudo tee -a echo "hello" | -weight: 600;">sudo tee -a /var/www/html/index.html # attach — connects to main process # ⚠️ typing "exit" STOPS the container -weight: 500;">docker attach mycontainer # Safe way to leave: CTRL+P+Q # exec — opens a NEW shell # ✅ typing "exit" is completely safe, container keeps running -weight: 500;">docker exec -it mycontainer bash # attach — connects to main process # ⚠️ typing "exit" STOPS the container -weight: 500;">docker attach mycontainer # Safe way to leave: CTRL+P+Q # exec — opens a NEW shell # ✅ typing "exit" is completely safe, container keeps running -weight: 500;">docker exec -it mycontainer bash # attach — connects to main process # ⚠️ typing "exit" STOPS the container -weight: 500;">docker attach mycontainer # Safe way to leave: CTRL+P+Q # exec — opens a NEW shell # ✅ typing "exit" is completely safe, container keeps running -weight: 500;">docker exec -it mycontainer bash GitHub Repo → -weight: 500;">git clone → Docker container → Live website GitHub Repo → -weight: 500;">git clone → Docker container → Live website GitHub Repo → -weight: 500;">git clone → Docker container → Live website -weight: 500;">git clone https://github.com/user/repo.-weight: 500;">git cd repo -weight: 500;">docker run -d -p 8080:80 -v $(pwd):/usr/share/nginx/html nginx -weight: 500;">git clone https://github.com/user/repo.-weight: 500;">git cd repo -weight: 500;">docker run -d -p 8080:80 -v $(pwd):/usr/share/nginx/html nginx -weight: 500;">git clone https://github.com/user/repo.-weight: 500;">git cd repo -weight: 500;">docker run -d -p 8080:80 -v $(pwd):/usr/share/nginx/html nginx # Apache — -weight: 500;">install, -weight: 500;">start, deploy -weight: 600;">sudo -weight: 500;">apt -weight: 500;">install apache2 -y && -weight: 600;">sudo -weight: 500;">systemctl -weight: 500;">start apache2 && -weight: 600;">sudo -weight: 500;">systemctl -weight: 500;">enable apache2 echo "<h1>Hello</h1>" | -weight: 600;">sudo tee /var/www/html/index.html -weight: 600;">sudo chown -R www-data:www-data /var/www/html/ && -weight: 600;">sudo chmod -R 755 /var/www/html/ # Nginx — -weight: 500;">install, -weight: 500;">start, deploy -weight: 600;">sudo -weight: 500;">apt -weight: 500;">install nginx -y && -weight: 600;">sudo -weight: 500;">systemctl -weight: 500;">start nginx && -weight: 600;">sudo -weight: 500;">systemctl -weight: 500;">enable nginx # Docker — nginx with your file -weight: 500;">docker run -d -p 8080:80 -v $(pwd)/index.html:/usr/share/nginx/html/index.html nginx # Docker — clone from github and host -weight: 500;">git clone <repo-url> site && -weight: 500;">docker run -d -p 8080:80 -v $(pwd)/site:/usr/share/nginx/html nginx # Docker — cleanup everything -weight: 500;">docker -weight: 500;">stop $(-weight: 500;">docker ps -q) && -weight: 500;">docker rm $(-weight: 500;">docker ps -aq) # Apache — -weight: 500;">install, -weight: 500;">start, deploy -weight: 600;">sudo -weight: 500;">apt -weight: 500;">install apache2 -y && -weight: 600;">sudo -weight: 500;">systemctl -weight: 500;">start apache2 && -weight: 600;">sudo -weight: 500;">systemctl -weight: 500;">enable apache2 echo "<h1>Hello</h1>" | -weight: 600;">sudo tee /var/www/html/index.html -weight: 600;">sudo chown -R www-data:www-data /var/www/html/ && -weight: 600;">sudo chmod -R 755 /var/www/html/ # Nginx — -weight: 500;">install, -weight: 500;">start, deploy -weight: 600;">sudo -weight: 500;">apt -weight: 500;">install nginx -y && -weight: 600;">sudo -weight: 500;">systemctl -weight: 500;">start nginx && -weight: 600;">sudo -weight: 500;">systemctl -weight: 500;">enable nginx # Docker — nginx with your file -weight: 500;">docker run -d -p 8080:80 -v $(pwd)/index.html:/usr/share/nginx/html/index.html nginx # Docker — clone from github and host -weight: 500;">git clone <repo-url> site && -weight: 500;">docker run -d -p 8080:80 -v $(pwd)/site:/usr/share/nginx/html nginx # Docker — cleanup everything -weight: 500;">docker -weight: 500;">stop $(-weight: 500;">docker ps -q) && -weight: 500;">docker rm $(-weight: 500;">docker ps -aq) # Apache — -weight: 500;">install, -weight: 500;">start, deploy -weight: 600;">sudo -weight: 500;">apt -weight: 500;">install apache2 -y && -weight: 600;">sudo -weight: 500;">systemctl -weight: 500;">start apache2 && -weight: 600;">sudo -weight: 500;">systemctl -weight: 500;">enable apache2 echo "<h1>Hello</h1>" | -weight: 600;">sudo tee /var/www/html/index.html -weight: 600;">sudo chown -R www-data:www-data /var/www/html/ && -weight: 600;">sudo chmod -R 755 /var/www/html/ # Nginx — -weight: 500;">install, -weight: 500;">start, deploy -weight: 600;">sudo -weight: 500;">apt -weight: 500;">install nginx -y && -weight: 600;">sudo -weight: 500;">systemctl -weight: 500;">start nginx && -weight: 600;">sudo -weight: 500;">systemctl -weight: 500;">enable nginx # Docker — nginx with your file -weight: 500;">docker run -d -p 8080:80 -v $(pwd)/index.html:/usr/share/nginx/html/index.html nginx # Docker — clone from github and host -weight: 500;">git clone <repo-url> site && -weight: 500;">docker run -d -p 8080:80 -v $(pwd)/site:/usr/share/nginx/html nginx # Docker — cleanup everything -weight: 500;">docker -weight: 500;">stop $(-weight: 500;">docker ps -q) && -weight: 500;">docker rm $(-weight: 500;">docker ps -aq) - Hosting Apache2 — Traditional Way - Hosting Nginx — Traditional Way - Multiple Static Sites — Virtual Hosts & Server Blocks - Hosting via Docker - Clone from GitHub & Host via Docker - Bash Scripting — Automate Everything - Docker Cheatsheet - Key Concepts & Golden Rules