$ FROM node:20 WORKDIR /app COPY package*.json ./ RUN -weight: 500;">npm -weight: 500;">install # Installs devDependencies too COPY . . RUN -weight: 500;">npm run build CMD ["node", "dist/server.js"] FROM node:20 WORKDIR /app COPY package*.json ./ RUN -weight: 500;">npm -weight: 500;">install # Installs devDependencies too COPY . . RUN -weight: 500;">npm run build CMD ["node", "dist/server.js"] FROM node:20 WORKDIR /app COPY package*.json ./ RUN -weight: 500;">npm -weight: 500;">install # Installs devDependencies too COPY . . RUN -weight: 500;">npm run build CMD ["node", "dist/server.js"] # Stage 1: Build FROM node:20-alpine AS builder WORKDIR /app COPY package*.json ./ RUN -weight: 500;">npm ci # Install everything including devDeps COPY . . RUN -weight: 500;">npm run build # Compile TypeScript, etc. # Stage 2: Production FROM node:20-alpine AS production WORKDIR /app ENV NODE_ENV=production # Only copy what's needed for production COPY --from=builder /app/dist ./dist COPY --from=builder /app/package*.json ./ RUN -weight: 500;">npm ci --only=production # Only production deps RUN addgroup -S appgroup && adduser -S appuser -G appgroup USER appuser EXPOSE 3000 CMD ["node", "dist/server.js"] # Stage 1: Build FROM node:20-alpine AS builder WORKDIR /app COPY package*.json ./ RUN -weight: 500;">npm ci # Install everything including devDeps COPY . . RUN -weight: 500;">npm run build # Compile TypeScript, etc. # Stage 2: Production FROM node:20-alpine AS production WORKDIR /app ENV NODE_ENV=production # Only copy what's needed for production COPY --from=builder /app/dist ./dist COPY --from=builder /app/package*.json ./ RUN -weight: 500;">npm ci --only=production # Only production deps RUN addgroup -S appgroup && adduser -S appuser -G appgroup USER appuser EXPOSE 3000 CMD ["node", "dist/server.js"] # Stage 1: Build FROM node:20-alpine AS builder WORKDIR /app COPY package*.json ./ RUN -weight: 500;">npm ci # Install everything including devDeps COPY . . RUN -weight: 500;">npm run build # Compile TypeScript, etc. # Stage 2: Production FROM node:20-alpine AS production WORKDIR /app ENV NODE_ENV=production # Only copy what's needed for production COPY --from=builder /app/dist ./dist COPY --from=builder /app/package*.json ./ RUN -weight: 500;">npm ci --only=production # Only production deps RUN addgroup -S appgroup && adduser -S appuser -G appgroup USER appuser EXPOSE 3000 CMD ["node", "dist/server.js"] # Build stage FROM python:3.12 AS builder WORKDIR /app COPY requirements.txt . RUN -weight: 500;">pip -weight: 500;">install --user -r requirements.txt # Production stage FROM python:3.12-slim AS production WORKDIR /app COPY --from=builder /root/.local /root/.local COPY . . ENV PATH=/root/.local/bin:$PATH CMD ["python", "main.py"] # Build stage FROM python:3.12 AS builder WORKDIR /app COPY requirements.txt . RUN -weight: 500;">pip -weight: 500;">install --user -r requirements.txt # Production stage FROM python:3.12-slim AS production WORKDIR /app COPY --from=builder /root/.local /root/.local COPY . . ENV PATH=/root/.local/bin:$PATH CMD ["python", "main.py"] # Build stage FROM python:3.12 AS builder WORKDIR /app COPY requirements.txt . RUN -weight: 500;">pip -weight: 500;">install --user -r requirements.txt # Production stage FROM python:3.12-slim AS production WORKDIR /app COPY --from=builder /root/.local /root/.local COPY . . ENV PATH=/root/.local/bin:$PATH CMD ["python", "main.py"] # Build stage FROM golang:1.22-alpine AS builder WORKDIR /app COPY go.mod go.sum ./ RUN go mod download COPY . . RUN CGO_ENABLED=0 GOOS=linux go build -o server . # Final stage — scratch image (ZERO MB base) FROM scratch COPY --from=builder /app/server /server EXPOSE 8080 CMD ["/server"] # Build stage FROM golang:1.22-alpine AS builder WORKDIR /app COPY go.mod go.sum ./ RUN go mod download COPY . . RUN CGO_ENABLED=0 GOOS=linux go build -o server . # Final stage — scratch image (ZERO MB base) FROM scratch COPY --from=builder /app/server /server EXPOSE 8080 CMD ["/server"] # Build stage FROM golang:1.22-alpine AS builder WORKDIR /app COPY go.mod go.sum ./ RUN go mod download COPY . . RUN CGO_ENABLED=0 GOOS=linux go build -o server . # Final stage — scratch image (ZERO MB base) FROM scratch COPY --from=builder /app/server /server EXPOSE 8080 CMD ["/server"] # Build and compare -weight: 500;">docker build -t myapp:single-stage -f Dockerfile.old . -weight: 500;">docker build -t myapp:multi-stage -f Dockerfile.new . -weight: 500;">docker images | grep myapp # myapp single-stage ... 847MB # myapp multi-stage ... 94MB # Build and compare -weight: 500;">docker build -t myapp:single-stage -f Dockerfile.old . -weight: 500;">docker build -t myapp:multi-stage -f Dockerfile.new . -weight: 500;">docker images | grep myapp # myapp single-stage ... 847MB # myapp multi-stage ... 94MB # Build and compare -weight: 500;">docker build -t myapp:single-stage -f Dockerfile.old . -weight: 500;">docker build -t myapp:multi-stage -f Dockerfile.new . -weight: 500;">docker images | grep myapp # myapp single-stage ... 847MB # myapp multi-stage ... 94MB # Order by change frequency (least-changed first) COPY package*.json ./ # Changes rarely RUN -weight: 500;">npm ci # Cached until package.json changes COPY src/ ./src/ # Changes often — at the end RUN -weight: 500;">npm run build # Order by change frequency (least-changed first) COPY package*.json ./ # Changes rarely RUN -weight: 500;">npm ci # Cached until package.json changes COPY src/ ./src/ # Changes often — at the end RUN -weight: 500;">npm run build # Order by change frequency (least-changed first) COPY package*.json ./ # Changes rarely RUN -weight: 500;">npm ci # Cached until package.json changes COPY src/ ./src/ # Changes often — at the end RUN -weight: 500;">npm run build # Inspect what's in your image -weight: 500;">docker history myapp:multi-stage -weight: 500;">docker run --rm myapp:multi-stage du -sh /app # Inspect what's in your image -weight: 500;">docker history myapp:multi-stage -weight: 500;">docker run --rm myapp:multi-stage du -sh /app # Inspect what's in your image -weight: 500;">docker history myapp:multi-stage -weight: 500;">docker run --rm myapp:multi-stage du -sh /app - node:20 base image is ~900MB - -weight: 500;">npm -weight: 500;">install includes all devDependencies (TypeScript, webpack, etc.) - Source files, test files, build tools all end up in the final image