For the clearest guide, refer to Baidu Wenku: http://wenku.baidu.com/view/571968976bec0975f465e25b.html ============================================= (I) How to Install MySQL Database on Linux ============================================= My first setback was with RPM installation. It reported a MySQL version conflict, preventing the installation from proceeding. After querying with rpm -q, I attempted to remove the system's pre-installed version (3.x.x) using rpm -e. However, RPM mercilessly returned a slew of other errors. Due to dependencies with other software, version 3.x.x could not be removed. My initial positive impression of RPM vanished in an instant. As the saying goes, "Among three people, there must be one who can be my teacher." I immediately found Alin on MSN. When I asked him how to uninstall or upgrade MySQL using RPM, he gleefully told me that he upgraded it in just one minute using "Debian." He then added that he "doesn't know how" to use RPM, all while smirking. I knew he was getting back at me; last time he kept recommending "Debian" and I ignored him, so he found his chance. Actually, I do think "Debian" is good, it's just that the name sounds a bit unpleasant... Since RPM wasn't working, I had to settle for a different approach. This time, I chose the binary installation package. I found an installation guide from a pioneer via Google as a reference. I quickly followed in their footsteps, only to be bounced back, bruised and battered. The previous experience didn't suit me; it seems there truly is no silver bullet in this world. It became clear that impatience wouldn't solve the problem. I decided to calm down and found several more articles introducing MySQL installation. After multiple attempts, I finally found a small path through the thorny thicket... ============================================ (II) How to Install MySQL Database on Linux ============================================ Using Options on the Command Line Program options specified on the command line follow these rules:· Options immediately follow the command name.· Option parameters begin with one or two hyphens, depending on whether they have a short or long name. Many options have both forms. For example, -? and --help are the short and long names for the option that tells a MySQL program to display help messages.· Option names are case-sensitive. -v and -V are both valid but have different meanings. (They are the short names for the --verbose and --version options).· Some options are followed by an option value. For example, -h localhost or --host=localhost indicates the MySQL server host for the client program. The option value tells the program the hostname where the MySQL server is running.· For long options with values, separate the option name and value with an '='. For short options with values, the option value can immediately follow the option letter, or there can be a space between them. (-hlocalhost and -h localhost are equivalent). An exception to this rule is the option for specifying the MySQL password. This option can be in the form --password=pass_val or --password. In the latter case (no password value given), the program will prompt for the password. The password option can also be given in the short form -ppass_val or -p. However, for the short form, if a password value is given, it must immediately follow the option without any intervening space. The reason for this requirement is that if there is a space after the option, the program has no way of knowing whether the subsequent argument is the password value or some other argument. Therefore, the following two commands have completely different meanings:[pre]· shell> mysql -ptest[/pre][pre]· shell> mysql -p test[/pre]The first command tells mysql to use the password 'test' but does not specify a default database. The second command tells mysql to prompt for the password and use 'test' as the default database. I have wanted to use Linux for a long time, but without a specific task, I never systematically learned it. Recently, due to work requirements, I had to use MySQL on Linux. I initially thought that with my experience using SQL Server on Windows, installing MySQL on Linux would be a breeze. However, I encountered many detours and problems during the actual installation and use of MySQL, as Linux and Windows are fundamentally very different. To help beginners like me avoid detours and get started quickly, I wrote this article, hoping it will be helpful to you. Download MySQL Installation FilesTo install MySQL, you need the following two files:MySQL-server-5.0.9-0.i386.rpmMySQL-client-5.0.9-0.i386.rpmDownload them from: http://dev.mysql.com/downloads/mysql/5.0.html. Open this page, scroll down to "Linux x86 RPM downloads," find "Server" and "Client programs," and download the two required RPM files. Install MySQLRPM files are software packages developed by Red Hat. RPM allows Linux to install software packages without many complex procedures. Commonly used parameters for the rpm command during installation are –ivh, where i indicates installing the specified RPM package, v indicates verbose information during installation, and h indicates displaying '#' symbols during installation to show the current installation progress. This symbol will continue until the installation is complete.1) Install ServerRun the following command in the directory containing the two RPM files:[root@test1 local]# rpm -ivh MySQL-server-5.0.9-0.i386.rpmThe following information will be displayed:warning: MySQL-server-5.0.9-0.i386.rpm: V3 DSA signature: NOKEY, key ID 5072e1f5Preparing... ########################################### [100%]1:MySQL-server ########################################### [100%]...... (display omitted)/usr/bin/mysqladmin -uroot password 'new-password'/usr/bin/mysqladmin -uroot -h test1 password 'new-password'...... (display omitted)Starting mysqld daemon with databases from /var/lib/mysql If the above information appears, the server installation is complete. To test if it was successful, you can run netstat to see if the MySQL port is open. If it is open, the service has started, and the installation is successful. The default MySQL port is 3306.[root@test1 local]# netstat -natActive Internet connections (servers and established)Proto Recv-Q Send-Q Local Address Foreign Address Statetcp 0 0 0.0.0.0:3306 0.0.0.0:* LISTENThe above display shows that the MySQL service has started.2) Install ClientRun the following command:[root@test1 local]# rpm -ivh MySQL-client-5.0.9-0.i386.rpmwarning: MySQL-client-5.0.9-0.i386.rpm: V3 DSA signature: NOKEY, key ID 5072e1f5Preparing... ########################################### [100%]1:MySQL-client ########################################### [100%]The display indicates that the installation is complete.Use the following command to connect to MySQL and test for success. III. Logging into MySQL The command to log into MySQL is mysql. The syntax for mysql is as follows:mysql [-u username] [-h host] [-p[password]] [dbname]username and password are the MySQL username and password, respectively. The initial MySQL administrative account is root with no password. Note: This root user is not the Linux system user. The default MySQL user is root. Since there is no initial password, you only need to type mysql for the first login.[root@test1 local]# mysqlWelcome to the MySQL monitor. Commands end with ; or \g.Your MySQL connection id is 1 to server version: 4.0.16-standardType 'help;' or '\h' for help. Type '\c' to clear the buffer.mysql>If the "mysql>" prompt appears, congratulations, the installation was successful!The login format after adding a password is as follows:mysql -u root -pEnter password: (enter password)Here, -u is followed by the username, and -p prompts for the password. Press Enter and then enter the password at the prompt. Note: This mysql file is in the /usr/bin directory and is not the same file as the startup file /etc/init.d/mysql which will be discussed later. IV. Several Important MySQL Directories After MySQL is installed, unlike SQL Server, it is not installed in a single directory. Its database files, configuration files, and command files are in different directories. Understanding these directories is very important, especially for Linux beginners, because the Linux directory structure itself is quite complex. If you don't understand the MySQL installation directories, you cannot talk about in-depth learning. Below are descriptions of these directories. Database Directory/var/lib/mysql/ Configuration Files/usr/share/mysql (mysql.server command and configuration files) Related Commands/usr/bin (mysqladmin, mysqldump, and other commands) Startup Scripts/etc/rc.d/init.d/ (directory for the MySQL startup script file) V. Changing the Login Password MySQL has no default password. The importance of adding a password after installation is self-evident. Commandusr/bin/mysqladmin -u root password 'new-password'Format: mysqladmin -u username -p old_password password new_password ExampleExample 1: Add a password '123456' for root.Type the following command:[root@test1 local]# /usr/bin/mysqladmin -u root password 123456Note: Since root initially has no password, the -p old_password part can be omitted. Test if the modification was successful1) Log in without a password[root@test1 local]# mysqlERROR 1045: Access denied for user: 'root@localhost' (Using password: NO)An error is displayed, indicating that the password has been changed.2) Log in with the modified password[root@test1 local]# mysql -u root -pEnter password: (enter the modified password 123456)Welcome to the MySQL monitor. Commands end with ; or \g.Your MySQL connection id is 4 to server version: 4.0.16-standardType 'help;' or '\h' for help. Type '\c' to clear the buffer.mysql>Success!This changes the password using the mysqladmin command. You can also change the password by modifying the database. VI. Starting and Stopping StartAfter MySQL is installed, the startup file mysql is in the /etc/init.d directory. To start it, run the following command:[root@test1 init.d]# /etc/init.d/mysql start Stop/usr/bin/mysqladmin -u root -p shutdown Automatic Startup1) Check if MySQL is in the automatic startup list[root@test1 local]# /sbin/chkconfig --list2) Add MySQL to your system's startup service group[root@test1 local]# /sbin/chkconfig – add mysql3) Remove MySQL from the startup service group.[root@test1 local]# /sbin/chkconfig – del mysql VII. Changing MySQL Directory The default data file storage directory for MySQL is /var/lib/mysql. If you want to move the directory to /home/data, you need to perform the following steps: Create the data directory in /homecd /homemkdir data Stop the MySQL service process:mysqladmin -u root -p shutdown Move the entire /var/lib/mysql directory to /home/datamv /var/lib/mysql /home/data/This moves the MySQL data files to /home/data/mysql. Find the my.cnf configuration fileIf there is no my.cnf configuration file in the /etc/ directory, find a *.cnf file in /usr/share/mysql/, copy one to /etc/, and rename it to my.cnf. The command is as follows:[root@test1 mysql]# cp /usr/share/mysql/my-medium.cnf /etc/my.cnf Edit MySQL's configuration file /etc/my.cnfTo ensure MySQL works correctly, you need to specify the location where the mysql.sock file is generated. Modify the socket=/var/lib/mysql/mysql.sock line by changing the value to the right of the equals sign to: /home/mysql/mysql.sock. Perform the following operation:vi my.cnf (Use the vi tool to edit the my.cnf file, find the following data, and modify it)# The MySQL server[mysqld]port = 3306#socket = /var/lib/mysql/mysql.sock (Original content, commented out with "#" for safety)socket = /home/data/mysql/mysql.sock (Add this line) Modify the MySQL startup script /etc/rc.d/init.d/mysqlFinally, you need to modify the MySQL startup script /etc/rc.d/init.d/mysql, changing the datadir=/var/lib/mysql line by replacing the path to the right of the equals sign with your current actual storage path: home/data/mysql.[root@test1 etc]# vi /etc/rc.d/init.d/mysql#datadir=/var/lib/mysql (Comment out this line)datadir=/home/data/mysql (Add this line) Restart the MySQL service/etc/rc.d/init.d/mysql startOr restart Linux with the reboot command.If it works correctly, the move was successful. Otherwise, recheck the previous 7 steps. VIII. Common MySQL Operations Note: Every command in MySQL must end with a semicolon (;). Show Databasesmysql> show databases;+----------+| Database |+----------+| mysql || test |+----------+2 rows in set (0.04 sec)After MySQL is installed, there are two databases: mysql and test. The mysql database is very important; it contains MySQL's system information. When we change passwords and add new users, we are actually operating on the relevant tables in this database. Show Tables in a Databasemysql> use mysql; (Open the database; to operate on a database, you must open it, similar to FoxPro)Database changed mysql> show tables; +-----------------+ | Tables_in_mysql | +-----------------+ | columns_priv | | db | | func | | host | | tables_priv | | user | +-----------------+ 6 rows in set (0.01 sec) Show Table Structure:describe table_name; Show Records in a Table:select * from table_name;For example: Show records in the user table in the mysql database. All users who can operate on MySQL users are in this table.Select * from user; This article was translated from Chinese to English with AI assistance and a light human review. The original is published at Sienovo Blog. The original Chinese source is at CSDN. Learn more about Sienovo edge AI computing. Templates let you quickly answer FAQs or store snippets for re-use. as well , this person and/or - Download the binary MySQL installation package from http://www.mysql.com // This MySQL is a binary version, no compilation needed- # chmod 755 mysql-standard-5.0.15-linux-gnu-i686-glibc23.tar.gz//- # tar xfz mysql-standard-5.0.15-linux-gnu-i686-glibc23.tar.gz // Copy the extracted directory to /usr/local/ and rename it to mysql- # groupadd mysql# useradd mysql -g mysql // Create the mysql group// Create the mysql user and add them to the mysql group- # cp /usr/local/mysql/support-files/my-medium.cnf /etc/my.cnf// In the support-files directory, there are 4 template files. We choose one of them as the MySQL configuration file, overwriting /etc/my.cnf (the system's default configuration, which sets performance parameters and some MySQL path parameters).- # cd /usr/local/mysql# ./scripts/mysql_install_db --user=mysql// Enter the mysql directory// Initialize tables and specify that the mysql user will access them. After initializing tables, set access permissions for the mysql and root users.- # chown -R root . // Set root to have access to /usr/local/mysql- # chown -R mysql data// Set the mysql user to have access to /usr/local/mysql/data, which contains MySQL database files. This directory is configured in /etc/my.cnf and created during mysql_install_db.- # chown -R mysql data/.// Set the mysql user to have access to all files under /usr/local/mysql/data/mysql- # chgrp -R mysql .// Set the mysql group to have access to /usr/local/mysql- # /usr/local/mysql/bin/mysqld_safe --user=mysql &// Run MySQL// If there are no issues, you should see a prompt similar to this:[1] 42264# Starting mysqld daemon with databases from /usr/local/mysql/var// If a statement like "mysql ended" appears, it means MySQL did not start correctly. You can check the log for issues; the log file is usually configured in /etc/my.cnf. Most problems are caused by incorrect permission settings.- // Use the following command to change the MySQL password# /usr/local/mysql/bin/mysqladmin -u root password yourpassword // The default installation has no password; for security, you must change it immediately.- # cp support-files/mysql.server /etc/rc.d/init.d/mysqld# chmod 700 /etc/init.d/mysqld# chkconfig --add mysqld# chkconfig --level 345 mysqld on // Copy a script from the compilation directory// Configure MySQL to start automatically on every boot.- # service mysqld start# netstat -atln// Start the mysqld service// Check if port 3306 is open. Remember to open this port in the firewall. - Download MySQL Installation FilesTo install MySQL, you need the following two files:MySQL-server-5.0.9-0.i386.rpmMySQL-client-5.0.9-0.i386.rpmDownload them from: http://dev.mysql.com/downloads/mysql/5.0.html. Open this page, scroll down to "Linux x86 RPM downloads," find "Server" and "Client programs," and download the two required RPM files.- Install MySQLRPM files are software packages developed by Red Hat. RPM allows Linux to install software packages without many complex procedures. Commonly used parameters for the rpm command during installation are –ivh, where i indicates installing the specified RPM package, v indicates verbose information during installation, and h indicates displaying '#' symbols during installation to show the current installation progress. This symbol will continue until the installation is complete.1) Install ServerRun the following command in the directory containing the two RPM files:[root@test1 local]# rpm -ivh MySQL-server-5.0.9-0.i386.rpmThe following information will be displayed:warning: MySQL-server-5.0.9-0.i386.rpm: V3 DSA signature: NOKEY, key ID 5072e1f5Preparing... ########################################### [100%]1:MySQL-server ########################################### [100%]...... (display omitted)/usr/bin/mysqladmin -uroot password 'new-password'/usr/bin/mysqladmin -uroot -h test1 password 'new-password'...... (display omitted)Starting mysqld daemon with databases from /var/lib/mysql If the above information appears, the server installation is complete. To test if it was successful, you can run netstat to see if the MySQL port is open. If it is open, the service has started, and the installation is successful. The default MySQL port is 3306.[root@test1 local]# netstat -natActive Internet connections (servers and established)Proto Recv-Q Send-Q Local Address Foreign Address Statetcp 0 0 0.0.0.0:3306 0.0.0.0:* LISTENThe above display shows that the MySQL service has started.2) Install ClientRun the following command:[root@test1 local]# rpm -ivh MySQL-client-5.0.9-0.i386.rpmwarning: MySQL-client-5.0.9-0.i386.rpm: V3 DSA signature: NOKEY, key ID 5072e1f5Preparing... ########################################### [100%]1:MySQL-client ########################################### [100%]The display indicates that the installation is complete.Use the following command to connect to MySQL and test for success. - Database Directory/var/lib/mysql/- Configuration Files/usr/share/mysql (mysql.server command and configuration files)- Related Commands/usr/bin (mysqladmin, mysqldump, and other commands)- Startup Scripts/etc/rc.d/init.d/ (directory for the MySQL startup script file) - Commandusr/bin/mysqladmin -u root password 'new-password'Format: mysqladmin -u username -p old_password password new_password- ExampleExample 1: Add a password '123456' for root.Type the following command:[root@test1 local]# /usr/bin/mysqladmin -u root password 123456Note: Since root initially has no password, the -p old_password part can be omitted.- Test if the modification was successful1) Log in without a password[root@test1 local]# mysqlERROR 1045: Access denied for user: 'root@localhost' (Using password: NO)An error is displayed, indicating that the password has been changed.2) Log in with the modified password[root@test1 local]# mysql -u root -pEnter password: (enter the modified password 123456)Welcome to the MySQL monitor. Commands end with ; or \g.Your MySQL connection id is 4 to server version: 4.0.16-standardType 'help;' or '\h' for help. Type '\c' to clear the buffer.mysql>Success!This changes the password using the mysqladmin command. You can also change the password by modifying the database. - StartAfter MySQL is installed, the startup file mysql is in the /etc/init.d directory. To start it, run the following command:[root@test1 init.d]# /etc/init.d/mysql start- Stop/usr/bin/mysqladmin -u root -p shutdown- Automatic Startup1) Check if MySQL is in the automatic startup list[root@test1 local]# /sbin/chkconfig --list2) Add MySQL to your system's startup service group[root@test1 local]# /sbin/chkconfig – add mysql3) Remove MySQL from the startup service group.[root@test1 local]# /sbin/chkconfig – del mysql The command to restart the MySQL service is service mysql restart or /etc/init.d/mysql restart.- The command to restart the MySQL service is service mysql restart or /etc/init.d/mysql restart. - The command to restart the MySQL service is service mysql restart or /etc/init.d/mysql restart. - Create the data directory in /homecd /homemkdir data- Stop the MySQL service process:mysqladmin -u root -p shutdown- Move the entire /var/lib/mysql directory to /home/datamv /var/lib/mysql /home/data/This moves the MySQL data files to /home/data/mysql.- Find the my.cnf configuration fileIf there is no my.cnf configuration file in the /etc/ directory, find a *.cnf file in /usr/share/mysql/, copy one to /etc/, and rename it to my.cnf. The command is as follows:[root@test1 mysql]# cp /usr/share/mysql/my-medium.cnf /etc/my.cnf- Edit MySQL's configuration file /etc/my.cnfTo ensure MySQL works correctly, you need to specify the location where the mysql.sock file is generated. Modify the socket=/var/lib/mysql/mysql.sock line by changing the value to the right of the equals sign to: /home/mysql/mysql.sock. Perform the following operation:vi my.cnf (Use the vi tool to edit the my.cnf file, find the following data, and modify it)# The MySQL server[mysqld]port = 3306#socket = /var/lib/mysql/mysql.sock (Original content, commented out with "#" for safety)socket = /home/data/mysql/mysql.sock (Add this line)- Modify the MySQL startup script /etc/rc.d/init.d/mysqlFinally, you need to modify the MySQL startup script /etc/rc.d/init.d/mysql, changing the datadir=/var/lib/mysql line by replacing the path to the right of the equals sign with your current actual storage path: home/data/mysql.[root@test1 etc]# vi /etc/rc.d/init.d/mysql#datadir=/var/lib/mysql (Comment out this line)datadir=/home/data/mysql (Add this line)- Restart the MySQL service/etc/rc.d/init.d/mysql startOr restart Linux with the reboot command.If it works correctly, the move was successful. Otherwise, recheck the previous 7 steps. - Show Databasesmysql> show databases;+----------+| Database |+----------+| mysql || test |+----------+2 rows in set (0.04 sec)After MySQL is installed, there are two databases: mysql and test. The mysql database is very important; it contains MySQL's system information. When we change passwords and add new users, we are actually operating on the relevant tables in this database.- Show Tables in a Databasemysql> use mysql; (Open the database; to operate on a database, you must open it, similar to FoxPro)Database changed - Show Table Structure:describe table_name;- Show Records in a Table:select * from table_name;For example: Show records in the user table in the mysql database. All users who can operate on MySQL users are in this table.Select * from user;- Create Database: `